Obliviscence and Reminiscence Classic Reprint Philip Boswood Ballard 9781333264758 Books
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It is generally believed that when one attempts to memorise a passage of poetry the power to reproduce it is at its greatest immediately after. Thenceforth the power is supposed to undergo a gradual process of decay and it is assumed that the longer the lapse of time between the act of learning and the act of reproduction, the more difficult and the less accurate is the reproduction likely to be. And, Speaking generally, whatever may be the nature of the traces left in our minds by our experiences, those traces gradually fade, and the curve of remembering has but one tendency - a downward tendency. Allowing for certain fluctuations in memory due to ill-health and fatigue, it will readily be admitted that the strongest and most general tendency among our unrevived memories is this tendency towards oblivion. They are less and less easily reproducible. But this is not the only tendency. Obliviscence is at least partly counteracted by an opposing tendency towards reminiscence. We not only tend to forget what we have once remembered, but we also tend to remember what we have once forgotten. And although we associate reminiscence, in the loose and popular sense of the word, with old age,'in the strict sense of the word in which it is here used - in the sense of remembering the forgotten - it is really more characteristic of the young. At-least it is so when it refers to recently acquired knowledge. When a child has memorised, say, a piece of poetry, and has dismissed it from his mind, the period of gradual forget fulness is as a rule preceded by a period of gradual improvement. And the object of this monograph is to present and discuss evidence as to the nature and extent of this recuperative aspect of memory, this increase in reproducibility, this power which not merely arrests the passage of our memories towards forgetfulness, but drives them back towards ready and accurate recall.
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Obliviscence and Reminiscence Classic Reprint Philip Boswood Ballard 9781333264758 Books
Ballard (1913) has been credited as the first to investigate reminiscence and hypermnesia (Brainerd, Reyna, Howe & Kingma, 1990; Erdelyi, 1996; Howe et al., 1992; Howe & Brainerd, 1989; Payne, 1987). Ballard's interest began with a serendipitous finding when testing the proposition that children in a poor school, `could learn but little, and what little they learnt they could not retain'. Twelve-year-old boys were asked to memorise a poem in a short space of time and to then recall it. Only one of the nineteen boys was able to recall all the lines of poetry in the initial test. Ballard administered an unexpected second test two days later and found that eight of the boys were now able to write out the poem in full. The average number of lines recalled increased from 27.6 to 30.6 in the second test. Ballard went on to undertake many more studies in which he demonstrated reminiscence and hypermnesia, `the remembering again of the forgotten without relearning'. Since the early demonstration of Ballard (1913), much of the support for the existence of reminiscence and hypermnesia has come from more recent laboratory studies (e.g., Erdelyi & Becker 1974; Payne, 1986; Roediger & Payne, 1982; Shapiro & Erdelyi, 1974).Product details
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Tags : Obliviscence and Reminiscence (Classic Reprint) [Philip Boswood Ballard] on Amazon.com. *FREE* shipping on qualifying offers. Excerpt from Obliviscence and Reminiscence It is generally believed that when one attempts to memorise a passage of poetry the power to reproduce it is at its greatest immediately after. Thenceforth the power is supposed to undergo a gradual process of decay and it is assumed that the longer the lapse of time between the act of learning and the act of reproduction,Philip Boswood Ballard,Obliviscence and Reminiscence (Classic Reprint),Forgotten Books,1333264755,Psychology General
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Obliviscence and Reminiscence Classic Reprint Philip Boswood Ballard 9781333264758 Books Reviews
Ballard (1913) has been credited as the first to investigate reminiscence and hypermnesia (Brainerd, Reyna, Howe & Kingma, 1990; Erdelyi, 1996; Howe et al., 1992; Howe & Brainerd, 1989; Payne, 1987). Ballard's interest began with a serendipitous finding when testing the proposition that children in a poor school, `could learn but little, and what little they learnt they could not retain'. Twelve-year-old boys were asked to memorise a poem in a short space of time and to then recall it. Only one of the nineteen boys was able to recall all the lines of poetry in the initial test. Ballard administered an unexpected second test two days later and found that eight of the boys were now able to write out the poem in full. The average number of lines recalled increased from 27.6 to 30.6 in the second test. Ballard went on to undertake many more studies in which he demonstrated reminiscence and hypermnesia, `the remembering again of the forgotten without relearning'. Since the early demonstration of Ballard (1913), much of the support for the existence of reminiscence and hypermnesia has come from more recent laboratory studies (e.g., Erdelyi & Becker 1974; Payne, 1986; Roediger & Payne, 1982; Shapiro & Erdelyi, 1974).
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